Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics - Key Topics MCQS
Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics - Key Topics MCQS
Below are 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with answers and brief explanations, specifically from Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics of the FBISE (Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education) 11th-class Physics syllabus for the 2025 exam. These MCQs are designed to align with the FBISE syllabus, focusing on key concepts such as laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer, Carnot cycle, entropy, and internal energy, as outlined in the official curriculum and reflected in past papers and resources like www.taleemcity.com and www.ilmistarsacademy.com. They are crafted to match the style and difficulty level of FBISE exams.
Chapter 11: Heat and Thermodynamics - Key Topics
- Heat and Temperature: Specific heat, latent heat.
- Laws of Thermodynamics: Zeroth, first, second, and third laws.
- Internal Energy: Dependence on temperature for ideal gases.
- Carnot Cycle: Efficiency of Carnot engine.
- Entropy: Measure of disorder.
- Heat Transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation.
10 MCQs with Answers and Explanations
- Question: The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of:
- A) Conservation of mass
- B) Conservation of energy
- C) Conservation of momentum
- D) Conservation of entropy
- Answer: B) Conservation of energy
- Explanation: The first law (ĪU = Q - W) states that the change in internal energy (ĪU) equals heat added (Q) minus work done (W), reflecting energy conservation.
- Question: The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on:
- A) Pressure
- B) Volume
- C) Temperature
- D) Mass
- Answer: C) Temperature
- Explanation: For an ideal gas, internal energy U = (f/2)nRT, which depends only on temperature (T) for a given number of moles (n).
- Question: The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 500 K and 300 K is:
- A) 20%
- B) 40%
- C) 60%
- D) 80%
- Answer: B) 40%
- Explanation: Carnot efficiency Ī· = 1 - (T₂/T₁) = 1 - (300/500) = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4 = 40%.
- Question: Entropy is a measure of:
- A) Temperature
- B) Heat
- C) Disorder
- D) Energy
- Answer: C) Disorder
- Explanation: Entropy quantifies the disorder or randomness of a system, increasing in irreversible processes.
- Question: The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines:
- A) Internal energy
- B) Temperature
- C) Entropy
- D) Work
- Answer: B) Temperature
- Explanation: The zeroth law establishes temperature as a measurable property, stating that two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other.
- Question: The specific heat capacity of a substance is measured in:
- A) J/kg·K
- B) J/kg
- C) J/K
- D) J·kg/K
- Answer: A) J/kg·K
- Explanation: Specific heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K, measured in J/kg·K.
- Question: In an adiabatic process, the heat transfer (Q) is:
- A) Maximum
- B) Zero
- C) Equal to work done
- D) Proportional to temperature
- Answer: B) Zero
- Explanation: An adiabatic process involves no heat transfer (Q = 0), with changes in internal energy due to work only.
- Question: The second law of thermodynamics implies that:
- A) Heat flows from cold to hot spontaneously
- B) Entropy of an isolated system increases
- C) All energy is conserved
- D) Internal energy is constant
- Answer: B) Entropy of an isolated system increases
- Explanation: The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system increases in spontaneous processes, reflecting the direction of natural processes.
- Question: A gas undergoes an isothermal expansion. The change in its internal energy is:
- A) Positive
- B) Negative
- C) Zero
- D) Infinite
- Answer: C) Zero
- Explanation: In an isothermal process for an ideal gas, temperature is constant, so internal energy (U ∝ T) remains unchanged (ĪU = 0).
- Question: The primary mode of heat transfer in fluids is:
- A) Conduction
- B) Convection
- C) Radiation
- D) Sublimation
- Answer: B) Convection
- Explanation: Convection is the dominant heat transfer mechanism in fluids, involving the movement of fluid particles to transfer heat.
Key Notes
- Syllabus Alignment: These MCQs cover core topics from Chapter 11 (Heat and Thermodynamics) of the FBISE 11th-class Physics syllabus, including laws of thermodynamics, Carnot efficiency, entropy, and heat transfer, which are high-weightage topics in exams.
- Question Variety: The questions include conceptual, numerical, and application-based MCQs to reflect FBISE’s exam pattern, with emphasis on thermodynamic principles and calculations.
- Explanations: Brief explanations clarify the reasoning, aiding quick understanding and revision.
Recommended Resources for Additional MCQs
For more MCQs on Chapter 11 (Heat and Thermodynamics):
- FBISE Official Website (www.fbise.edu.pk):
- Access past papers (2016–2024) under “Examinations” > “Past Papers.” Chapter 11 MCQs appear in the objective section.
- Taleem City (www.taleemcity.com):
- Offers solved MCQs for Chapter 11 in PDF format, tailored for FBISE syllabus.
- Ilmi Stars Academy (www.ilmistarsacademy.com):
- Provides chapter-specific MCQs with answers and video explanations.
- Download Class Notes (www.downloadclassnotes.com):
- Contains solved MCQs for Heat and Thermodynamics in downloadable PDFs.
- Pak Learning Spot (www.paklearningspot.com):
- Features free MCQs for FBISE board exams, including Chapter 11.
How to Access:
- Visit these websites, navigate to the 11th-class Physics section, and select “Chapter 11 MCQs” or “Heat and Thermodynamics.”
- Past papers are available on the FBISE website in PDF format, free of charge.
Tips for MCQ Preparation
- Focused Practice: Solve 10–15 MCQs daily for Chapter 11 to master concepts like Carnot efficiency and entropy.
- Time Yourself: Aim for ~1 minute per MCQ to build exam speed.
- Review Errors: Use answer keys to understand mistakes and revisit concepts like the first law or heat transfer.
- Combine with Numericals: Pair MCQ practice with numerical problems (e.g., efficiency calculations, heat transfer) from the FBISE textbook (available on www.taleem360.com).
Additional Support
These 10 MCQs are tailored to support your preparation for the 2025 FBISE exam. If you need:
- More MCQs for Chapter 11 (Heat and Thermodynamics).
- MCQs for other chapters or specific topics (e.g., Carnot cycle, entropy).
- Assistance downloading resources or solving numericals. please let me know, and I’ll provide further tailored support. Good luck with your Physics exam preparation!
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